口译练习１ |
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Sj163.cn 作者：未知 来源：昂立 热度：℃ 时间：2005-7-24 14:23:00 |
第一篇 Passage 1
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided：
管理策略 简化人员招聘
任务、目标、责任与权力 项目管理
提供方便 矩阵组织
下级经理 直线式的责权管理方式
规模上限 参谋部门
监控跨度 数据分析
管理的费用 协调管理关系
营业部
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English：
女士们、先生们：
早上好!我很高兴能有机会参加这次关于管理策略的研讨会。下面我想就管理中的组织结构这个问题谈谈个人的粗浅看法。
组织结构是一项基本管理功能。为了让人们能够更有效地合作，必须明确他们的任务、目标、责任与权力，这就需要设立一个正式的组织来规约他们相互间的种种关系，为决策的交流与沟通提供方便。如果这样的组织能使所有个体以最低的成本实现企业的目标，那么它就是有效的。一家小企业也许只设立了一个以一名经理为核心的简单组织，但当它的规模扩大到一定程度时，这名经理就无法有效地管理每一个人而必须任命下级经理。这种规模上限通常被称为经理监控跨度。当这个组织进一步发展时，下级经理又最终会到达他们的监控跨度上限，此时就有必要设立第三级经理。这种监控跨度会因组织的不同而有所差异。通常，管理级别越低，跨度上限就越宽。如 当管理的级别数增加时，管理的费用就会增加，沟通、计划与控制就会变得更加困难。因此，一家企业要尽量减少管理的级别数。这意味着每名经理的监控跨度要尽量设宽一些。
把一家企业的组织分成不同的部门而每个部门由一名下级经理管理，这通常不能仅以数目多寡为基础。在大多数情况下这个组织必须能够反映企业的各项功能，如企业的工程、生产、营销、营业和财务等。这些功能会因企业的类型不同而有所不同，如一家航空公司就不可能设生产部，一家制造公司也不会设营业部。
如果一家企业分布的地域宽广，那么根据地理特点来设立部门也许是有效的做法。这种分设部门的办法或许能节省运输费用，简化人员招聘工作，尤其在非发达国家，还可以简化通讯工作。
当一家公司从事专门的项目活动时，如航天工业，其根据功能或产品来划分的部门综合起来就构成了所谓的“项目管理”或“矩阵组织”。项目经理要对该项目负责并行使权力，其属下的人员将从各职能部门调派。矩阵组织是一个灵活的组织，它会随着项目的结束而解散。如果项目经理对完成项目有明确的目标，那么这种组织体系是富有效率的。
在以上所讨论的各种部门划分类型中，从上到下形成了一种直线式的责权管理方式，通常称之为“线式组织”。在某些结构复杂的现代企业中，或许还设有专门的顾问部门，负责协助管理，但无权直接管理各下级部门。这些部门通常称为“参谋部门”。为了节省和方便管控，常常把一些专项活动如采购、会计和数据分析等交给服务部门处理，由参谋部门提出建议，协调管理关系。参谋部门有时候能在一定领域里行使职权，例如这个部门的管理人士有权为产品经理制定财会程序。但这样的职权必须明确，以免破坏线式组织中各级经理领导的统一性。
任何组织结构都应以工作类别划分为基础，也就是以为达到企业目标而需从事的各类活动为基础。只要有利于达到企业目标，这个组织结构就是有效的。
谢谢大家!
第二篇 Passage 2
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided:
business leadership issue franchise
advent bulk commodities
railroader cost-effectively
the obstacles we encounter time-sensitive
NAFTA a premium price
Gulf of Mexico e-business
marshalling trains Electronic Data Interchange
origins and destinations
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning! I want to thank Frank Clegg and Microsoft Canada for bringing us all together for this second summit on business leadership issue-and particularly for giving us the opportunity to discuss the issue of innovation.
In the 19th century, railroads were the big innovation. Perhaps nothing matched their economic impact until the advent of the personal computer. But some of you may wonder what a railroader has to say about innovation in the 21st century. My message is that no enterprise needs to be more innovative than an established business in a mature industry.
Let me give you examples of five innovations. Then I will talk about some of the obstacles we encountered and the lessons learned.
1. Network innovation
Let me begin with the most obvious innovation: our North American network. With the Free Trade Agreement and NAFTA, trade patterns changed in North America, from east-west to north-south. We saw that Canada-U. S. trade and trade with Mexico was growing. The trucks were handling most of that growth. We wanted more of the action. Through mergers and partnerships, CN created a unique rail network, designed to take advantage of the growth of north-south trade.
Today, CN not only crosses Canada, we also go right through the center of the United States, down to the Gulf of Mexico. We have become a North American railroad. That is CN's first innovation.
2. Service innovation
Our second innovation was through our commitment to customer service.
A few years ago, we told our customers we would deliver our service with no delays and no excuses. At that time, making a commitment to customer service was a real innovation in our industry. We looked at rail transportation from a different perspective-our customers' perspective. Other railroads focused on marshalling trains, waiting for enough freight to make a train's trip cost effective. But our customers do not care whether the train is cost effective. They care about whether their car and its contents are going to arrive on time.
We began a system of scheduled freight service that delivers cars on time. CN's customers can choose their service from a catalogue that lists origins and destinations. The delivery times are listed, not in number of days, but in number of hours.
Scheduled rail freight service is proving to be a revolutionary innovation in North American Transportation It also gives us a foundation for innovations in other areas.
3. Franchise innovation
For one thing, it lets us redefine our franchise. By franchise, I mean the products for which we have the best reputation for moving. It is our tuff.
The traditional railroad franchise is bulk commodities that are too heavy to be carried
cost effectively by truck-coal, potash and grain, for example. We wanted to complement this franchise to include more merchandise freight. To do this, we had to compete directly with trucks for time-sensitive deliveries.
With our scheduled delivery, we can now compete with trucks on the basis of reliability. We have cut a day off the transit times between Toronto and Western Canada. We arrive on schedule 90 per cent of the time. We are aiming for 95 per cent.
Our goal is to create a transportation service that offers customers a competitive advantage-a service so superior that customers think that a premium price is reasonable.
As a result, we have become the largest carrier of forest products in North America, shipping products such as lumber, paper, pulp and board. Our growth rate in moving petroleum and chemical products has been superior. These products are becoming important components of our franchise.
4. Technology innovation
Scheduled service also provides a foundation for innovation in our e-business solutions. We have been using Electronic Data Interchange for years, and we continue to work with our customers to create Internet applications that give them the information they need, when they need it. Years ago, we were the first railroad to provide online information that lets customers track their shipments. Every day on our website, our customers track the location of about 90, 000 shipments. Customers can click onto our website and order a car, send us shipping instructions, ensure that we pick up their delivery as scheduled, track the shipment to its destination, receive an invoice, clarify any questions, and pay the bill.
Other railroads are promoting electronic technology. The difference with our e-business is that it is linked to our scheduled delivery. I am not an expert on technology and its various applications, but I am determined to make CN easier for our customers to do business with. Electronic technology has given us the tools.
Thank you for your listening.
第一篇 Passage 1
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning! It gives me great pleasure to have this opportunity to attend this seminar on management strategy. Now I would like to put forward my own opinion about organizing in management
Organizing is a basic function of management. In order for people to cooperate effectively, they must know their roles, their objectives, their responsibilities, and their authority. This requires a formal structure to define relationships and to facilitate the communication of decisions. Such a structure is efficient if it makes it possible for individuals to contribute to the attainment of the objectives of the enterprise with minimum costs.
A small enterprise may have a very simple, centralized organization with a single manager, but if the enterprise grows beyond a certain limit, the manager will be unable to supervise everyone effectively and will have to appoint subordinate managers. This limitation is commonly called the manager's span of control. As the organization grows further, the subordinates will eventually reach the limits of their own spans of control, which will necessitate the establishment of a third level of managers. The span of control varies in different organizations and is generally wider at lower levels. Thus, a top executive may have from three to eight subordinates, whereas a lower-level supervisor may manage from twelve to thirty persons.
As the number of levels increases, administrative costs rise, and communication, planning, and control become more difficult. Therefore, an enterprise will try to have the minimum possible number of levels, which means that the span of control of each manager should be as broad as possible. In order to manage more subordinates, a manager must limit the time spent with each one. To avoid waste of time, the superior must assign clear responsibility for certain tasks to each subordinate and must delegate to each the necessary authority to achieve those tasks. If the subordinates are properly trained for their duties, if they have clear objectives and understand the objectives and policies of the enterprise, much of the superior's time can be saved. Good communications, with a minimum of face-to-face meetings, are another time-saving factor.
The organization of an enterprise into separate departments, each under a subordinate manager, is not generally based simply on numbers. It most commonly reflects the functions of the enterprise, functions such as engineering, production, marketing, operations, and finance. These vary with different types of enterprise: an airline, for example, would have no production department, and a manufacturing company would have no operations department.
If an enterprise covers a broad geographic area, it may be efficient to have departments based on geography. Such departmentation may save transportation costs, simplify the hiring of personnel, and, especially in less developed countries, simplify communications. On the other hand, there will be higher costs because of the separate management and services in each area and the top management will have increased problems of control. There are still other types of departmentation, such as grouping by product, a common system in large corporations.
When a company is involved in special projects, as in the aerospace industry, departmentation by function and by product may be combined in what is called project management or matrix organization. The project manager has the responsibility and authority for a given project, and personnel are assigned to this manager from the functional departments. Matrix organization is flexible in that a project ceases to exist when it is completed. This system is efficient in that the project manager has a clear objective in the completion of the project.
In the types of departmentation discussed above, there is a direct line of responsibility and authority from top to bottom. This is often called line organization. In a complex modem enterprise, there may also be specialized advisory departments which have responsibilities for assisting management but which lack authority over lower levels. These are often called staff departments. Frequently, specialized activities such as purchasing, accounting, and data processing are placed in service departments for the sake of economy and control. There is line authority within a service department, but it is a staff department in its advisory relationship to management. Sometimes a staff detainment has functional authority in a limited area. For example, the controller may have the functional authority to establish accounting procedures for product managers. Such functional authority must be clearly defined, so as not to violate the unity of command of the line managers.
The structure of any organization should be based on what is called the division of work, i.e., the activities required to attain the objectives of the enterprise. The structure will be effective insofar as it contributes to this purpose.
Thank you for your attention.
第二篇 Passage 2
女士们、先生们：
感谢弗兰克·克莱格和微软加拿大公司邀请我们大家一起参加第二届商务管理事务领导人峰会，尤其感谢他们给我们提供了一个讨论创新问题的机会。
在十九世纪，铁路是最大的创新。在个人计算机出现之前，它对经济所产生的影响或许无与伦比。但你们有些人可能会问，到了2l世纪，铁路经营者对于创新又有何看法呢?
我发言的主要意思是，在已经发展成熟的行业里，一家基业已定的公司比其他任何企业都需要革新。
下面我来谈谈我们公司在四个方面的革新情况。
1．网络革新
让我从最为显著的北美网络的革新谈起。
随着“自由贸易协定”和“北美自由贸易协定”的执行，北美的贸易方式变了，从东西贸易变成了南北贸易。加拿大和美国之间的贸易以及美国和墨西哥之间的贸易过去一直在增长。在贸易流通中卡车运输起到了主要的作用，但还满足不了我们的需要。
通过合并与合作伙伴的方式，CN公司创建了一个独特的铁路网络，目的是要利用南北贸易增长的速度。
时至今日，CN铁路网不仅仅横跨加拿大，还穿越美国的中部，直达墨西哥湾。我们国家变成了一条北美贯通的铁路。这就是CN公司的第一项革新。
2．服务革新
我们的第二次革新体现在我们对顾客的服务承诺。
几年前，我们就开始告诉我们的顾客，我们提供的服务决不拖延、毫无借口。当时对顾客作出服务承诺，的确是我们行业的一项改革。
我们已开始从另一个不同的角度来看我们的铁路运输，即从我们的顾客这个角度来看。其他铁路公司强调的是火车配列，也就是要等到货物满载的时候才发车，目的是要获得有效的运输成本。可是我们的顾客才不管什么有效运输成本，他们关心的只是自己购买的汽车和其他物品是否能按时到达。
我们当时建立了一个购买汽车按时发货的运输服务。CN公司的顾客能够从公司的服务列表中任意选择货物的始发地和目的地。所有送货的时间不是以天计算而是以小时计算。这种制定铁路运输服务时间表的做法被证明是北美运输业的一项具有革命性的创新。它还能为我们在其他领域的创新提供基础性参考。
3．经营特许革新
这项革新让我们重新界定了我们的经营特许权。我所说的经营特许权，是指我们在运输中享有最佳声誉的那些产品的运输，它是我们独享的“地盘”。
传统的铁路经营特许，指的是那些沉重而难以用卡车进行有效成本运输的大宗货物，如煤炭、碳酸钾和粮食。当时我们想扩大经营特许的范围，囊括了更多种类的商品运输。为了达到目的，我们必须在那些对送货时间要求较高的商品领域里与卡车运输展开直接的竞争。一旦制定了送货时间表，我们就可以在可靠性方面与卡车运输展开竞争。我们已经做到在多伦多与加拿大西部之间的运输时间中省下一天时间。我们的按时到达率是90％，努力争取达到95％。我们的目标是为顾客提供一种具有竞争优势的运输服务，即给顾客一个物超所值的优质服务的感觉。
事实上，我们公司已变成了一家北美最大的森林产品运输公司，运输的产品有木材、纸张、纸浆和板材。在石油与化工产品的运输方面，我们的发展速度又是无与伦比的。这些产品正逐步成为我们特许经营的重要组成部分。
4．技术革新
定时运输服务为我们在电子商务解决方案方面的革新提供了基础。多年来我们一直使用电子数据交换系统，而现在要为我们的顾客创造一个查询系统，使他们能根据个人需要在因特网上查询相关信息。
几年前，我们已经是第一家为顾客提供在线信息查询的铁路运输公司，顾客能够在网络上跟踪他们的货物运输。每天顾客能够在我们建立的网站上跟踪查询约9万宗货物运输到达地点的情况。顾客可以用鼠标点击进入我们的网站，订购汽车并给我们发送装运要求，这样能保证我们按时发运、从头到尾地跟踪运输情况、收取发票、澄清问题和付账等。
其它铁路运输公司也在发展电子技术，不同的是，我们公司的电子商务是与我们的送货时间联系在一起的。在技术和各项技术运用方面，我不是专家，但我有决心使我们的顾客与CN公司做起业务来更加方便和容易。电子技术给我们提供了可行的工具。
谢谢!
第一篇 Passage 1
Work on the following words phrases and write the translated version in the space provided:
以诚为本、以和为贵、以信为先 以邻为善
君子和而不同 东盟
相辅相成 地区冲突和环境恶化
求同存异 大规模杀伤性武器扩散
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese from Chinese into English:
女士们、先生们：
在这个金秋时节，来到美丽的得克萨斯，我感到十分高兴。这里独特的人文和自然景观，给我留下了美好而深刻的印象。
首先，我对市长先生和大学举行这次活动，表示由衷的谢意。大学展示了市长先生各方面活动的历程，包括他为中美关系发展作出的贡献。市长先生是中国人民的老朋友。无论作为政府官员还是普通公民，他一向关心和支持发展中美关系，做了许多有益的工作。我希望，在他的直接参与和指导下，这所大学将成为美国又一个研究中国问题和开展中美友好活动的中心。
中美建交已经30余年。这个时期，正是中国实施改革开放的新政策，大力推进现代化建设的时期。30多年来，中国的发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。
中国越发展、越开放，与世界的联系越紧密，就越需要一个长期和平稳定的国际环境。促进世界与地区的和平与发展，符合中国的根本利益。
中华民族自古就有以诚为本、以和为贵、以信为先的优良传统。中国在处理国际关系时始终遵循这一价值观。中国对外政策的宗旨是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。
两千多年前，中国先秦思想家孔子就提出了“君子和而不同”的思想。和谐而又不千篇一律，不同而又不相互冲突。和谐以共生共长，不同以相辅相成。和而不同，是社会事物和社会关系发展的一条重要规律，也是人们处世行事应该遵循的准则，是人类各种文明协调发展的真谛。
大干世界，丰富多彩。事物之间、国家之间、民族之间、地区之间，存在这样那样的不同和差别是正常的，也可以说是必然的。我们主张，世界各种文明、社会制度和发展模式应相互交流和相互借鉴，在和平竞争中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。
中国地处亚太地区，十分关心亚太地区的和平与稳定。我们坚持以邻为善，通过和平谈判同绝大多数邻国解决了陆地边界问题，与东盟就制订南海地区行为准则保持磋商，与所有周边国家和睦相处。
中国是维护亚太地区和平的坚定力量。美国也是太平洋地区的大国。我们愿与美国和亚太各国共同努力，为促进地区的和平与繁荣发挥作用。
当今世界，人类仍然面临着许多严峻的挑战。恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、地区冲突和环境恶化等问题，对世界和平与发展造成了严重威胁。
中美都是恐怖主义的受害者。在反恐斗争中，中国人民一直与美国人民站在一起，进行着良好的合作。中国将继续加强与美国在反恐领域的磋商和合作，同世界各国一道，共同打击恐怖主义这一国际公害。
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，美国是世界上最大的发达国家。中美经济互补性强，文化各有所长，两国在经贸、能源、环保、科学技术和教育等方面的合作，潜力巨大，前景广阔。发展我们两国的建设性合作关系，符合两国人民的根本利益和两国人民的共同心愿，必将造福于两国人民。
让我们继续共同努力，增进了解，扩大共识，发展合作，共创中美关系的美好未来!
谢谢!
第二篇 Passage 2
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided :
incessant fears of global conflagrations predicated on ever-widening possibilities
scourge grinding poverty
predicament cripple their capacities
succour tuberculosis
devastating consequences ring hollow and of dubious value
brutal, savage and devastating reap the benefit of peace
portend reinvigorate
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:
Distinguished Presidents, Your Excellencies:
Humanity has come a long way out of the ruins of the Second World War, thanks to this august organization, the United Nations. We have emerged from the era of cold war and incessant fears of global conflagrations. A new horizon is now in front of us, predicated on ever-widening possibilities for development in all spheres of human endeavor, resulting from unparalleled advances in science and technology.
But new challenges have also emerged: challenges of poverty and new disease that have so far defied scientific knowledge and control. The world is also faced with the scourge of internal conflicts which threaten regional peace and impede social and economic development.
Although the world has generally become a safer place to live in, thanks to the contributions of the United Nations, we must all feel deeply worried that the message of hope which this organization has been spreading, is yet to reach the millions of mankind for whom it is intended. For the vast majority of our peoples, grinding poverty has remained a fact of their everyday existence.
The national governments to whom these millions look up to, for succour, find themselves in the unenviable predicament of helplessness, incapable of bringing meaningful changed in their peoples' well-being, due to the heavy burden of external debts which have crippled their capacities for national initiatives.
Old diseases, such as tuberculosis, which we all thought had been eradicated, have reappeared with devastating consequences especially in developing countries. In addition, we now have AIDS which continue to defy control, and has now combined with malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, to form a lethal nexus with as much potential for devastation as war itself, and thus a modern day threat to world peace and security.
Forces of globalization that are turning our world into a village are shaping the new age. Thus, the new age will demand of us, more than ever before, to live and work together as members of one human family. But up to now, globalization has meant prosperity only for the chosen few of the industrialized countries. For us the developing world, globalization will continue to ring hollow and of dubious value, until we see its positive effects on our fortunes. In short, globalization has to be seen to mean the eradication of poverty. And then, and only then, will the true spirit of good neighborliness reign in the new global village.
The world community is challenged to evolve a new system of international cooperation that will help to eliminate abject poverty throughout the world, and integrate the developing countries into the globalized world economy. At the first South Summit, held in Havana Cuba last April, it was resolved that a new and meaningful partnership with the industrialized nations needed to be forged, in order to make this earth a better place for all of us.
We must all be concerned about the persistence of internal conflicts, more especially in our region of Africa. These conflicts have proved to be very brutal, savage and devastating. The unfortunate destruction of lives and properties and their effects on the weaker members of the society, namely children and women, remind us as members of the UN that our objective of world peace is still beyond many communities. Our aim in the new age therefore must include a renewed determination to resolve these conflicts and prevent new ones so that together all humanity will reap the benefit of peace and march forward in harmony and prosperity.
We are at the beginning of a new dawn; what it portends we cannot say. But this much we owe to ourselves and to succeeding generations: a world where all nations, all races and all peoples can live in dignity and in peace with one another. We must all resolve to strengthen and reinvigorate the United Nations for the work ahead.
Thank you.
第一篇 Passage 1
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am delighted to come to beautiful Texas in this golden fall and charmed by the unique cultural and natural scenes here.
May I begin by thanking Mr. Mayor for holding this function in my honor. This is a university that showcases mayor's many-sided achievements, including his contribution to the growth of China-US relations. Mr. Mayor is an old friend of the Chinese people. Whether in public life or as a private citizen, he has always cared about and supported stronger ties between China and the US, and has done a great deal of commendable work to this end. I hope that with the personal involvement and guidance of him, the university will become yet another American center for China studies and China-US friendship activities.
Over 30 years have passed since our two countries established diplomatic relations. The period coincides with China's reform and opening-up program and its dynamic modernization drive. It is during these years that China attracted worldwide attention by pulling off a remarkable success story in development.
The more 'developed, more open and more intimately connected with the outside China is, the greater our need would be for an international environment of lasting peace and stability. Strengthening peace and development at both regional and global levels serves China's fundamental interests.
The Chinese nation has inherited from ancient times a fine tradition of honesty, harmony and good faith－values that China consistently abides by in the conduct of relations with other countries. The very purpose of China's foreign policy is to safeguard world peace and promote common development.
Confucius said more than two thousand years ago, "In human relationships, a gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity." That is to say, harmony but not sameness; reserving differences without coming into conflict. Harmony promotes co-existence and co-prosperity; whereas differences foster mutual complementation and mutual support. Harmony without sameness is an important principle in the development of all social affairs and relationships and in guiding people's conduct and behavior. Indeed, it is the essential factor of the harmonious development of all civilizations.
Our world is a diverse and colorful place. It is perfectly normal for things, countries, nations or regions to be different one way or another. This, to a certain extent, is inevitable. We believe that the world's civilizations, social systems and development models can come together for exchanges and emulation. They can learn from one another, benefit from their respective strengths in a peaceful competition and achieve common development by seeking common ground while putting aside differences.
As an Asia-Pacific country, China deeply cares about peace and stability in the region. In the spirit of good-neighborliness, we have resolved the land boundary question with most of our neighbors through peaceful negotiations. We have maintained consultation with the ASEAN on the formulation of a code of conduct in the South China Sea area. China now lives in peace and harmony with all its surrounding countries.
China is a staunch force dedicated to peace in the Asia-Pacific region. The US is a major Pacific power. We stand ready to work with the United States and other countries in the region to promote a peaceful and prosperous Asia-Pacific.
In today's world, mankind remains confronted with many severe challenges. Terrorism, the spread of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts and environmental degradation, just to name a few, all pose a serious threat to world peace and development.
Both China and the US are victims of terrorism. In the war against terror, the Chinese and Americans have stood together and carded out effective cooperation. China will continue to step up its consultation and cooperation with the US on counter terrorism and join the rest of the world in the concerted fight against this common scourge.
China is the world's largest developing country and the US the largest developed country. Our economies are highly complementary and our cultures have distinctive features to make us proud. There exist vast potential and broad prospects for bilateral cooperation in the economic, trade, energy, environment, science, technology, education and other fields. A constructive and cooperative relationship between us is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese and Americans and meets their common aspiration. The development of such a relationship is bound to make our two peoples both winners.
Let us keep up our good work, increase our understanding, expand our consensus and enhance our cooperation so as to build an even better future for China-US relations.
第二篇 Passage 2
尊敬的主席，
诸位阁下：
人类走出二次大战的废墟以后已经经历了漫长的跋涉，这要感谢联合国这一威严的组织，我们已从冷战时代和对全球性灾难的持续恐慌中摆脱出来。由于科学技术取得了前所未有的进步，人类在各方面通过自身的努力而获得发展的可能性不断扩大，一个崭新的前景正展现在我们面前。
但是，人类同样也面临新的挑战：科学技术在贫困和新的疾病面前依然束手无策。世界面临着国内冲突带来的灾难，他们威胁着地区和平，并阻碍社会和经济发展。
由于联合国的贡献，总的来说，世界已变的比从前更安全，更适合人们居住。但是，联合国未能将希望带给联合国为之服务的数以百万计的人们，我们为此深感不安。对于绝大多数人来讲，难以忍受的贫困现象依然日日与他们相伴。
这数以百万计的人们赖以求助的国家政府，发现由于沉重的外债负担，使得他们的主动性受到挫折，也让他们自己处于尴尬的无助境地，不能给他们人民的生活带来有意义的变化。
一些以前存在的疾病，如肺结核，我们以为已经根除，现又卷土重来，并带来了破坏性的后果，特别是在一些发展中国家。现在，我们又有了艾滋病，至今无法控制，而艾滋病现在和疟疾，肺结核以及其他一些传染病搅和在一起，形成了具有和战争本身一样的潜在破坏性的致命联系，从而构成了对当今世界和平与安全的威胁。
新时代正在被全球化的力量所主宰，这些力量正在把我们的世界变成一座村庄，因此，新时代要求我们比以往任何时候都要象一个家庭的成员一样在一起工作和生活。但是，迄今为止，全球化只是对于少数工业化国家意味着繁荣。全球化对于我们这些发展中国家来讲，在我们看到他给我们带来富裕之前，听起来令人感到空洞并产生疑虑。总而言之，全球化必须意味着根除贫穷。到那时，而且只有到那时，真正的睦邻友好精神才会在这个新的地球村中发扬光大。
世界大家庭面临的挑战是发展一种新的国际合作体系，在全世界消除极度贫穷，并将发展中国家融人全球一体化的世界经济之中。去年4月在古巴哈瓦那举行了首届南方首脑会议。会议决定，我们需要与工业化国家建立一种崭新的，有意义的合作伙伴关系，以使我们的地球成为一个更加美好的家园。
我们必须关注持续不断的国内冲突，特别是在我们非洲地区。这些冲突非常残忍，野蛮，破坏力很大。生命和财产遭到破坏令人深感痛心。地区冲突也深深影响了社会的弱势成员，即妇女和儿童。这一切都提醒我们这些联合国成员，世界和平这一目标在许多地区还远未实现。因此，我们在新时代的目标必须包括再下决心，解决这些冲突，并防止新的冲突，以使全人类能够共同分享和平的果实，并在和睦与繁荣中奔向未来。
现在对我们来说，新的黎明刚刚来临，我们不知道这预示着什么。我们应该为我们自己和我们的后代开创这样一个未来：世界上所有国家，所有民族，都能够和平共处，体面的生活在一起。我们必须下决心加强和复兴联合国，来做好今后的工作。
谢谢!
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided：
管理策略 简化人员招聘
任务、目标、责任与权力 项目管理
提供方便 矩阵组织
下级经理 直线式的责权管理方式
规模上限 参谋部门
监控跨度 数据分析
管理的费用 协调管理关系
营业部
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese into English：
女士们、先生们：
早上好!我很高兴能有机会参加这次关于管理策略的研讨会。下面我想就管理中的组织结构这个问题谈谈个人的粗浅看法。
组织结构是一项基本管理功能。为了让人们能够更有效地合作，必须明确他们的任务、目标、责任与权力，这就需要设立一个正式的组织来规约他们相互间的种种关系，为决策的交流与沟通提供方便。如果这样的组织能使所有个体以最低的成本实现企业的目标，那么它就是有效的。一家小企业也许只设立了一个以一名经理为核心的简单组织，但当它的规模扩大到一定程度时，这名经理就无法有效地管理每一个人而必须任命下级经理。这种规模上限通常被称为经理监控跨度。当这个组织进一步发展时，下级经理又最终会到达他们的监控跨度上限，此时就有必要设立第三级经理。这种监控跨度会因组织的不同而有所差异。通常，管理级别越低，跨度上限就越宽。如 当管理的级别数增加时，管理的费用就会增加，沟通、计划与控制就会变得更加困难。因此，一家企业要尽量减少管理的级别数。这意味着每名经理的监控跨度要尽量设宽一些。
把一家企业的组织分成不同的部门而每个部门由一名下级经理管理，这通常不能仅以数目多寡为基础。在大多数情况下这个组织必须能够反映企业的各项功能，如企业的工程、生产、营销、营业和财务等。这些功能会因企业的类型不同而有所不同，如一家航空公司就不可能设生产部，一家制造公司也不会设营业部。
如果一家企业分布的地域宽广，那么根据地理特点来设立部门也许是有效的做法。这种分设部门的办法或许能节省运输费用，简化人员招聘工作，尤其在非发达国家，还可以简化通讯工作。
当一家公司从事专门的项目活动时，如航天工业，其根据功能或产品来划分的部门综合起来就构成了所谓的“项目管理”或“矩阵组织”。项目经理要对该项目负责并行使权力，其属下的人员将从各职能部门调派。矩阵组织是一个灵活的组织，它会随着项目的结束而解散。如果项目经理对完成项目有明确的目标，那么这种组织体系是富有效率的。
在以上所讨论的各种部门划分类型中，从上到下形成了一种直线式的责权管理方式，通常称之为“线式组织”。在某些结构复杂的现代企业中，或许还设有专门的顾问部门，负责协助管理，但无权直接管理各下级部门。这些部门通常称为“参谋部门”。为了节省和方便管控，常常把一些专项活动如采购、会计和数据分析等交给服务部门处理，由参谋部门提出建议，协调管理关系。参谋部门有时候能在一定领域里行使职权，例如这个部门的管理人士有权为产品经理制定财会程序。但这样的职权必须明确，以免破坏线式组织中各级经理领导的统一性。
任何组织结构都应以工作类别划分为基础，也就是以为达到企业目标而需从事的各类活动为基础。只要有利于达到企业目标，这个组织结构就是有效的。
谢谢大家!
第二篇 Passage 2
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided:
business leadership issue franchise
advent bulk commodities
railroader cost-effectively
the obstacles we encounter time-sensitive
NAFTA a premium price
Gulf of Mexico e-business
marshalling trains Electronic Data Interchange
origins and destinations
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning! I want to thank Frank Clegg and Microsoft Canada for bringing us all together for this second summit on business leadership issue-and particularly for giving us the opportunity to discuss the issue of innovation.
In the 19th century, railroads were the big innovation. Perhaps nothing matched their economic impact until the advent of the personal computer. But some of you may wonder what a railroader has to say about innovation in the 21st century. My message is that no enterprise needs to be more innovative than an established business in a mature industry.
Let me give you examples of five innovations. Then I will talk about some of the obstacles we encountered and the lessons learned.
1. Network innovation
Let me begin with the most obvious innovation: our North American network. With the Free Trade Agreement and NAFTA, trade patterns changed in North America, from east-west to north-south. We saw that Canada-U. S. trade and trade with Mexico was growing. The trucks were handling most of that growth. We wanted more of the action. Through mergers and partnerships, CN created a unique rail network, designed to take advantage of the growth of north-south trade.
Today, CN not only crosses Canada, we also go right through the center of the United States, down to the Gulf of Mexico. We have become a North American railroad. That is CN's first innovation.
2. Service innovation
Our second innovation was through our commitment to customer service.
A few years ago, we told our customers we would deliver our service with no delays and no excuses. At that time, making a commitment to customer service was a real innovation in our industry. We looked at rail transportation from a different perspective-our customers' perspective. Other railroads focused on marshalling trains, waiting for enough freight to make a train's trip cost effective. But our customers do not care whether the train is cost effective. They care about whether their car and its contents are going to arrive on time.
We began a system of scheduled freight service that delivers cars on time. CN's customers can choose their service from a catalogue that lists origins and destinations. The delivery times are listed, not in number of days, but in number of hours.
Scheduled rail freight service is proving to be a revolutionary innovation in North American Transportation It also gives us a foundation for innovations in other areas.
3. Franchise innovation
For one thing, it lets us redefine our franchise. By franchise, I mean the products for which we have the best reputation for moving. It is our tuff.
The traditional railroad franchise is bulk commodities that are too heavy to be carried
cost effectively by truck-coal, potash and grain, for example. We wanted to complement this franchise to include more merchandise freight. To do this, we had to compete directly with trucks for time-sensitive deliveries.
With our scheduled delivery, we can now compete with trucks on the basis of reliability. We have cut a day off the transit times between Toronto and Western Canada. We arrive on schedule 90 per cent of the time. We are aiming for 95 per cent.
Our goal is to create a transportation service that offers customers a competitive advantage-a service so superior that customers think that a premium price is reasonable.
As a result, we have become the largest carrier of forest products in North America, shipping products such as lumber, paper, pulp and board. Our growth rate in moving petroleum and chemical products has been superior. These products are becoming important components of our franchise.
4. Technology innovation
Scheduled service also provides a foundation for innovation in our e-business solutions. We have been using Electronic Data Interchange for years, and we continue to work with our customers to create Internet applications that give them the information they need, when they need it. Years ago, we were the first railroad to provide online information that lets customers track their shipments. Every day on our website, our customers track the location of about 90, 000 shipments. Customers can click onto our website and order a car, send us shipping instructions, ensure that we pick up their delivery as scheduled, track the shipment to its destination, receive an invoice, clarify any questions, and pay the bill.
Other railroads are promoting electronic technology. The difference with our e-business is that it is linked to our scheduled delivery. I am not an expert on technology and its various applications, but I am determined to make CN easier for our customers to do business with. Electronic technology has given us the tools.
Thank you for your listening.
第一篇 Passage 1
Ladies and gentlemen:
Good morning! It gives me great pleasure to have this opportunity to attend this seminar on management strategy. Now I would like to put forward my own opinion about organizing in management
Organizing is a basic function of management. In order for people to cooperate effectively, they must know their roles, their objectives, their responsibilities, and their authority. This requires a formal structure to define relationships and to facilitate the communication of decisions. Such a structure is efficient if it makes it possible for individuals to contribute to the attainment of the objectives of the enterprise with minimum costs.
A small enterprise may have a very simple, centralized organization with a single manager, but if the enterprise grows beyond a certain limit, the manager will be unable to supervise everyone effectively and will have to appoint subordinate managers. This limitation is commonly called the manager's span of control. As the organization grows further, the subordinates will eventually reach the limits of their own spans of control, which will necessitate the establishment of a third level of managers. The span of control varies in different organizations and is generally wider at lower levels. Thus, a top executive may have from three to eight subordinates, whereas a lower-level supervisor may manage from twelve to thirty persons.
As the number of levels increases, administrative costs rise, and communication, planning, and control become more difficult. Therefore, an enterprise will try to have the minimum possible number of levels, which means that the span of control of each manager should be as broad as possible. In order to manage more subordinates, a manager must limit the time spent with each one. To avoid waste of time, the superior must assign clear responsibility for certain tasks to each subordinate and must delegate to each the necessary authority to achieve those tasks. If the subordinates are properly trained for their duties, if they have clear objectives and understand the objectives and policies of the enterprise, much of the superior's time can be saved. Good communications, with a minimum of face-to-face meetings, are another time-saving factor.
The organization of an enterprise into separate departments, each under a subordinate manager, is not generally based simply on numbers. It most commonly reflects the functions of the enterprise, functions such as engineering, production, marketing, operations, and finance. These vary with different types of enterprise: an airline, for example, would have no production department, and a manufacturing company would have no operations department.
If an enterprise covers a broad geographic area, it may be efficient to have departments based on geography. Such departmentation may save transportation costs, simplify the hiring of personnel, and, especially in less developed countries, simplify communications. On the other hand, there will be higher costs because of the separate management and services in each area and the top management will have increased problems of control. There are still other types of departmentation, such as grouping by product, a common system in large corporations.
When a company is involved in special projects, as in the aerospace industry, departmentation by function and by product may be combined in what is called project management or matrix organization. The project manager has the responsibility and authority for a given project, and personnel are assigned to this manager from the functional departments. Matrix organization is flexible in that a project ceases to exist when it is completed. This system is efficient in that the project manager has a clear objective in the completion of the project.
In the types of departmentation discussed above, there is a direct line of responsibility and authority from top to bottom. This is often called line organization. In a complex modem enterprise, there may also be specialized advisory departments which have responsibilities for assisting management but which lack authority over lower levels. These are often called staff departments. Frequently, specialized activities such as purchasing, accounting, and data processing are placed in service departments for the sake of economy and control. There is line authority within a service department, but it is a staff department in its advisory relationship to management. Sometimes a staff detainment has functional authority in a limited area. For example, the controller may have the functional authority to establish accounting procedures for product managers. Such functional authority must be clearly defined, so as not to violate the unity of command of the line managers.
The structure of any organization should be based on what is called the division of work, i.e., the activities required to attain the objectives of the enterprise. The structure will be effective insofar as it contributes to this purpose.
Thank you for your attention.
第二篇 Passage 2
女士们、先生们：
感谢弗兰克·克莱格和微软加拿大公司邀请我们大家一起参加第二届商务管理事务领导人峰会，尤其感谢他们给我们提供了一个讨论创新问题的机会。
在十九世纪，铁路是最大的创新。在个人计算机出现之前，它对经济所产生的影响或许无与伦比。但你们有些人可能会问，到了2l世纪，铁路经营者对于创新又有何看法呢?
我发言的主要意思是，在已经发展成熟的行业里，一家基业已定的公司比其他任何企业都需要革新。
下面我来谈谈我们公司在四个方面的革新情况。
1．网络革新
让我从最为显著的北美网络的革新谈起。
随着“自由贸易协定”和“北美自由贸易协定”的执行，北美的贸易方式变了，从东西贸易变成了南北贸易。加拿大和美国之间的贸易以及美国和墨西哥之间的贸易过去一直在增长。在贸易流通中卡车运输起到了主要的作用，但还满足不了我们的需要。
通过合并与合作伙伴的方式，CN公司创建了一个独特的铁路网络，目的是要利用南北贸易增长的速度。
时至今日，CN铁路网不仅仅横跨加拿大，还穿越美国的中部，直达墨西哥湾。我们国家变成了一条北美贯通的铁路。这就是CN公司的第一项革新。
2．服务革新
我们的第二次革新体现在我们对顾客的服务承诺。
几年前，我们就开始告诉我们的顾客，我们提供的服务决不拖延、毫无借口。当时对顾客作出服务承诺，的确是我们行业的一项改革。
我们已开始从另一个不同的角度来看我们的铁路运输，即从我们的顾客这个角度来看。其他铁路公司强调的是火车配列，也就是要等到货物满载的时候才发车，目的是要获得有效的运输成本。可是我们的顾客才不管什么有效运输成本，他们关心的只是自己购买的汽车和其他物品是否能按时到达。
我们当时建立了一个购买汽车按时发货的运输服务。CN公司的顾客能够从公司的服务列表中任意选择货物的始发地和目的地。所有送货的时间不是以天计算而是以小时计算。这种制定铁路运输服务时间表的做法被证明是北美运输业的一项具有革命性的创新。它还能为我们在其他领域的创新提供基础性参考。
3．经营特许革新
这项革新让我们重新界定了我们的经营特许权。我所说的经营特许权，是指我们在运输中享有最佳声誉的那些产品的运输，它是我们独享的“地盘”。
传统的铁路经营特许，指的是那些沉重而难以用卡车进行有效成本运输的大宗货物，如煤炭、碳酸钾和粮食。当时我们想扩大经营特许的范围，囊括了更多种类的商品运输。为了达到目的，我们必须在那些对送货时间要求较高的商品领域里与卡车运输展开直接的竞争。一旦制定了送货时间表，我们就可以在可靠性方面与卡车运输展开竞争。我们已经做到在多伦多与加拿大西部之间的运输时间中省下一天时间。我们的按时到达率是90％，努力争取达到95％。我们的目标是为顾客提供一种具有竞争优势的运输服务，即给顾客一个物超所值的优质服务的感觉。
事实上，我们公司已变成了一家北美最大的森林产品运输公司，运输的产品有木材、纸张、纸浆和板材。在石油与化工产品的运输方面，我们的发展速度又是无与伦比的。这些产品正逐步成为我们特许经营的重要组成部分。
4．技术革新
定时运输服务为我们在电子商务解决方案方面的革新提供了基础。多年来我们一直使用电子数据交换系统，而现在要为我们的顾客创造一个查询系统，使他们能根据个人需要在因特网上查询相关信息。
几年前，我们已经是第一家为顾客提供在线信息查询的铁路运输公司，顾客能够在网络上跟踪他们的货物运输。每天顾客能够在我们建立的网站上跟踪查询约9万宗货物运输到达地点的情况。顾客可以用鼠标点击进入我们的网站，订购汽车并给我们发送装运要求，这样能保证我们按时发运、从头到尾地跟踪运输情况、收取发票、澄清问题和付账等。
其它铁路运输公司也在发展电子技术，不同的是，我们公司的电子商务是与我们的送货时间联系在一起的。在技术和各项技术运用方面，我不是专家，但我有决心使我们的顾客与CN公司做起业务来更加方便和容易。电子技术给我们提供了可行的工具。
谢谢!
第一篇 Passage 1
Work on the following words phrases and write the translated version in the space provided:
以诚为本、以和为贵、以信为先 以邻为善
君子和而不同 东盟
相辅相成 地区冲突和环境恶化
求同存异 大规模杀伤性武器扩散
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from Chinese from Chinese into English:
女士们、先生们：
在这个金秋时节，来到美丽的得克萨斯，我感到十分高兴。这里独特的人文和自然景观，给我留下了美好而深刻的印象。
首先，我对市长先生和大学举行这次活动，表示由衷的谢意。大学展示了市长先生各方面活动的历程，包括他为中美关系发展作出的贡献。市长先生是中国人民的老朋友。无论作为政府官员还是普通公民，他一向关心和支持发展中美关系，做了许多有益的工作。我希望，在他的直接参与和指导下，这所大学将成为美国又一个研究中国问题和开展中美友好活动的中心。
中美建交已经30余年。这个时期，正是中国实施改革开放的新政策，大力推进现代化建设的时期。30多年来，中国的发展取得了举世瞩目的成就。
中国越发展、越开放，与世界的联系越紧密，就越需要一个长期和平稳定的国际环境。促进世界与地区的和平与发展，符合中国的根本利益。
中华民族自古就有以诚为本、以和为贵、以信为先的优良传统。中国在处理国际关系时始终遵循这一价值观。中国对外政策的宗旨是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。
两千多年前，中国先秦思想家孔子就提出了“君子和而不同”的思想。和谐而又不千篇一律，不同而又不相互冲突。和谐以共生共长，不同以相辅相成。和而不同，是社会事物和社会关系发展的一条重要规律，也是人们处世行事应该遵循的准则，是人类各种文明协调发展的真谛。
大干世界，丰富多彩。事物之间、国家之间、民族之间、地区之间，存在这样那样的不同和差别是正常的，也可以说是必然的。我们主张，世界各种文明、社会制度和发展模式应相互交流和相互借鉴，在和平竞争中取长补短，在求同存异中共同发展。
中国地处亚太地区，十分关心亚太地区的和平与稳定。我们坚持以邻为善，通过和平谈判同绝大多数邻国解决了陆地边界问题，与东盟就制订南海地区行为准则保持磋商，与所有周边国家和睦相处。
中国是维护亚太地区和平的坚定力量。美国也是太平洋地区的大国。我们愿与美国和亚太各国共同努力，为促进地区的和平与繁荣发挥作用。
当今世界，人类仍然面临着许多严峻的挑战。恐怖主义、大规模杀伤性武器扩散、地区冲突和环境恶化等问题，对世界和平与发展造成了严重威胁。
中美都是恐怖主义的受害者。在反恐斗争中，中国人民一直与美国人民站在一起，进行着良好的合作。中国将继续加强与美国在反恐领域的磋商和合作，同世界各国一道，共同打击恐怖主义这一国际公害。
中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，美国是世界上最大的发达国家。中美经济互补性强，文化各有所长，两国在经贸、能源、环保、科学技术和教育等方面的合作，潜力巨大，前景广阔。发展我们两国的建设性合作关系，符合两国人民的根本利益和两国人民的共同心愿，必将造福于两国人民。
让我们继续共同努力，增进了解，扩大共识，发展合作，共创中美关系的美好未来!
谢谢!
第二篇 Passage 2
Work on the following words and phrases and write the translated version in the space provided :
incessant fears of global conflagrations predicated on ever-widening possibilities
scourge grinding poverty
predicament cripple their capacities
succour tuberculosis
devastating consequences ring hollow and of dubious value
brutal, savage and devastating reap the benefit of peace
portend reinvigorate
Listen to the tape and interpret the following passage from English into Chinese:
Distinguished Presidents, Your Excellencies:
Humanity has come a long way out of the ruins of the Second World War, thanks to this august organization, the United Nations. We have emerged from the era of cold war and incessant fears of global conflagrations. A new horizon is now in front of us, predicated on ever-widening possibilities for development in all spheres of human endeavor, resulting from unparalleled advances in science and technology.
But new challenges have also emerged: challenges of poverty and new disease that have so far defied scientific knowledge and control. The world is also faced with the scourge of internal conflicts which threaten regional peace and impede social and economic development.
Although the world has generally become a safer place to live in, thanks to the contributions of the United Nations, we must all feel deeply worried that the message of hope which this organization has been spreading, is yet to reach the millions of mankind for whom it is intended. For the vast majority of our peoples, grinding poverty has remained a fact of their everyday existence.
The national governments to whom these millions look up to, for succour, find themselves in the unenviable predicament of helplessness, incapable of bringing meaningful changed in their peoples' well-being, due to the heavy burden of external debts which have crippled their capacities for national initiatives.
Old diseases, such as tuberculosis, which we all thought had been eradicated, have reappeared with devastating consequences especially in developing countries. In addition, we now have AIDS which continue to defy control, and has now combined with malaria, tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, to form a lethal nexus with as much potential for devastation as war itself, and thus a modern day threat to world peace and security.
Forces of globalization that are turning our world into a village are shaping the new age. Thus, the new age will demand of us, more than ever before, to live and work together as members of one human family. But up to now, globalization has meant prosperity only for the chosen few of the industrialized countries. For us the developing world, globalization will continue to ring hollow and of dubious value, until we see its positive effects on our fortunes. In short, globalization has to be seen to mean the eradication of poverty. And then, and only then, will the true spirit of good neighborliness reign in the new global village.
The world community is challenged to evolve a new system of international cooperation that will help to eliminate abject poverty throughout the world, and integrate the developing countries into the globalized world economy. At the first South Summit, held in Havana Cuba last April, it was resolved that a new and meaningful partnership with the industrialized nations needed to be forged, in order to make this earth a better place for all of us.
We must all be concerned about the persistence of internal conflicts, more especially in our region of Africa. These conflicts have proved to be very brutal, savage and devastating. The unfortunate destruction of lives and properties and their effects on the weaker members of the society, namely children and women, remind us as members of the UN that our objective of world peace is still beyond many communities. Our aim in the new age therefore must include a renewed determination to resolve these conflicts and prevent new ones so that together all humanity will reap the benefit of peace and march forward in harmony and prosperity.
We are at the beginning of a new dawn; what it portends we cannot say. But this much we owe to ourselves and to succeeding generations: a world where all nations, all races and all peoples can live in dignity and in peace with one another. We must all resolve to strengthen and reinvigorate the United Nations for the work ahead.
Thank you.
第一篇 Passage 1
Ladies and Gentlemen:
I am delighted to come to beautiful Texas in this golden fall and charmed by the unique cultural and natural scenes here.
May I begin by thanking Mr. Mayor for holding this function in my honor. This is a university that showcases mayor's many-sided achievements, including his contribution to the growth of China-US relations. Mr. Mayor is an old friend of the Chinese people. Whether in public life or as a private citizen, he has always cared about and supported stronger ties between China and the US, and has done a great deal of commendable work to this end. I hope that with the personal involvement and guidance of him, the university will become yet another American center for China studies and China-US friendship activities.
Over 30 years have passed since our two countries established diplomatic relations. The period coincides with China's reform and opening-up program and its dynamic modernization drive. It is during these years that China attracted worldwide attention by pulling off a remarkable success story in development.
The more 'developed, more open and more intimately connected with the outside China is, the greater our need would be for an international environment of lasting peace and stability. Strengthening peace and development at both regional and global levels serves China's fundamental interests.
The Chinese nation has inherited from ancient times a fine tradition of honesty, harmony and good faith－values that China consistently abides by in the conduct of relations with other countries. The very purpose of China's foreign policy is to safeguard world peace and promote common development.
Confucius said more than two thousand years ago, "In human relationships, a gentleman seeks harmony but not uniformity." That is to say, harmony but not sameness; reserving differences without coming into conflict. Harmony promotes co-existence and co-prosperity; whereas differences foster mutual complementation and mutual support. Harmony without sameness is an important principle in the development of all social affairs and relationships and in guiding people's conduct and behavior. Indeed, it is the essential factor of the harmonious development of all civilizations.
Our world is a diverse and colorful place. It is perfectly normal for things, countries, nations or regions to be different one way or another. This, to a certain extent, is inevitable. We believe that the world's civilizations, social systems and development models can come together for exchanges and emulation. They can learn from one another, benefit from their respective strengths in a peaceful competition and achieve common development by seeking common ground while putting aside differences.
As an Asia-Pacific country, China deeply cares about peace and stability in the region. In the spirit of good-neighborliness, we have resolved the land boundary question with most of our neighbors through peaceful negotiations. We have maintained consultation with the ASEAN on the formulation of a code of conduct in the South China Sea area. China now lives in peace and harmony with all its surrounding countries.
China is a staunch force dedicated to peace in the Asia-Pacific region. The US is a major Pacific power. We stand ready to work with the United States and other countries in the region to promote a peaceful and prosperous Asia-Pacific.
In today's world, mankind remains confronted with many severe challenges. Terrorism, the spread of weapons of mass destruction, regional conflicts and environmental degradation, just to name a few, all pose a serious threat to world peace and development.
Both China and the US are victims of terrorism. In the war against terror, the Chinese and Americans have stood together and carded out effective cooperation. China will continue to step up its consultation and cooperation with the US on counter terrorism and join the rest of the world in the concerted fight against this common scourge.
China is the world's largest developing country and the US the largest developed country. Our economies are highly complementary and our cultures have distinctive features to make us proud. There exist vast potential and broad prospects for bilateral cooperation in the economic, trade, energy, environment, science, technology, education and other fields. A constructive and cooperative relationship between us is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese and Americans and meets their common aspiration. The development of such a relationship is bound to make our two peoples both winners.
Let us keep up our good work, increase our understanding, expand our consensus and enhance our cooperation so as to build an even better future for China-US relations.
第二篇 Passage 2
尊敬的主席，
诸位阁下：
人类走出二次大战的废墟以后已经经历了漫长的跋涉，这要感谢联合国这一威严的组织，我们已从冷战时代和对全球性灾难的持续恐慌中摆脱出来。由于科学技术取得了前所未有的进步，人类在各方面通过自身的努力而获得发展的可能性不断扩大，一个崭新的前景正展现在我们面前。
但是，人类同样也面临新的挑战：科学技术在贫困和新的疾病面前依然束手无策。世界面临着国内冲突带来的灾难，他们威胁着地区和平，并阻碍社会和经济发展。
由于联合国的贡献，总的来说，世界已变的比从前更安全，更适合人们居住。但是，联合国未能将希望带给联合国为之服务的数以百万计的人们，我们为此深感不安。对于绝大多数人来讲，难以忍受的贫困现象依然日日与他们相伴。
这数以百万计的人们赖以求助的国家政府，发现由于沉重的外债负担，使得他们的主动性受到挫折，也让他们自己处于尴尬的无助境地，不能给他们人民的生活带来有意义的变化。
一些以前存在的疾病，如肺结核，我们以为已经根除，现又卷土重来，并带来了破坏性的后果，特别是在一些发展中国家。现在，我们又有了艾滋病，至今无法控制，而艾滋病现在和疟疾，肺结核以及其他一些传染病搅和在一起，形成了具有和战争本身一样的潜在破坏性的致命联系，从而构成了对当今世界和平与安全的威胁。
新时代正在被全球化的力量所主宰，这些力量正在把我们的世界变成一座村庄，因此，新时代要求我们比以往任何时候都要象一个家庭的成员一样在一起工作和生活。但是，迄今为止，全球化只是对于少数工业化国家意味着繁荣。全球化对于我们这些发展中国家来讲，在我们看到他给我们带来富裕之前，听起来令人感到空洞并产生疑虑。总而言之，全球化必须意味着根除贫穷。到那时，而且只有到那时，真正的睦邻友好精神才会在这个新的地球村中发扬光大。
世界大家庭面临的挑战是发展一种新的国际合作体系，在全世界消除极度贫穷，并将发展中国家融人全球一体化的世界经济之中。去年4月在古巴哈瓦那举行了首届南方首脑会议。会议决定，我们需要与工业化国家建立一种崭新的，有意义的合作伙伴关系，以使我们的地球成为一个更加美好的家园。
我们必须关注持续不断的国内冲突，特别是在我们非洲地区。这些冲突非常残忍，野蛮，破坏力很大。生命和财产遭到破坏令人深感痛心。地区冲突也深深影响了社会的弱势成员，即妇女和儿童。这一切都提醒我们这些联合国成员，世界和平这一目标在许多地区还远未实现。因此，我们在新时代的目标必须包括再下决心，解决这些冲突，并防止新的冲突，以使全人类能够共同分享和平的果实，并在和睦与繁荣中奔向未来。
现在对我们来说，新的黎明刚刚来临，我们不知道这预示着什么。我们应该为我们自己和我们的后代开创这样一个未来：世界上所有国家，所有民族，都能够和平共处，体面的生活在一起。我们必须下决心加强和复兴联合国，来做好今后的工作。
谢谢!
文章录入：柠条 责任编辑：柠条
